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D4.4 Sampling Strategy for additional tracers

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D4.4 Sampling Strategy for additional tracers

Authors
Chevallier and the WP4 CHE partners
Abstract

Using new modelling and experimental results, this report synthesizes the CHE effort to assess the potential value of ground-based tracer measurements related to fossil fuel (FF) carbon dioxide (CO2) within an anthropogenic CO2 emissions Monitoring and Verification Support capacity (CO2MVS) and in addition to the future Copernicus CO2 monitoring (CO2M) satellite measurements. It attempts at defining a sampling strategy for these tracers. This report explores the practical implications of distinguishing between anthropogenic (meaning fossil fuel emissions, and also non-fossil waste burning, biofuels, etc.) vs. biogenic CO2 fluxes. It is specifically dedicated to the optimization of the space-time sampling of radiocarbon (14C in CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and Atmospheric Potential Oxygen (APO). Its strategy relies on a series of numerical simulations prepared by CEA/LSCE, EMPA, MPG and NILU, with the help of TNO and UEA. They cover some of Europe with unprecedented detail, including for the spatial variability of the corresponding emissions per emission type. The report also exploits experimental results obtained during the first Covid-19 lockdown restrictions in the United Kingdom and analysed by UEA.